Reading Materials

Article Worksheet

An overview of international human rights law *

Treaty-Based Procedures for Making Human Rights Complaints Within the UN System *

United Nations Non-Treaty Procedures for Dealing with Human Rights Violations *

Human Rights Complaint Procedures of the International Labour Organization *

The Complaint Procedure of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization *

The Inter-American Human Rights System *

The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights *

Abuses of Human Rights and the Environment *

M. Anderson, Human Rights Approaches to Environmental Protection: An Overview *

The role of international human rights law in the protection of the environment *

The Parallel Evolutions of International Human Rights Protection and of Environmental Protection

and the Absence of Restrictions upon the Exercise of Recognized Human Rights *

Introduction: Human Rights and the Environment *

What Greenpeace and Amnesty International are learning from each other *

Sustainable Development and Human Rights *

Environmental Rights in existing human rights treaties *

The Jurisprudence of International Human Rights Tribunals Concerning Environmental Matters *

Indigenous Peoples, Environmental Degradation, and Human Rights: A case Study *

Eritea – A war on the environment *

Kenya – Environmental Heroine or Traitor? *

Communities: Local Peoples Fighting For Their Environments *

Countries: Injustices Across Borders *

India- Before the Deluge *

Public Participation in the Era of Globalization *

The Right to the Conservation of the Environment,1999 *

Mexico – Cutting through the haze *

United States - Punishing Nuclear Whistleblowers *

The Former Soviet Union – A Poisonous Legacy *

Individuals: The Traditional Human Rights Focus *

Human Rights and Protection of the Environment: A Mildly Revisionist View *

The right to life and Environmental Protection: Preliminary Reflections *

Environment and development:

Formulation and implementation of the right to development as a human right *

Malaysia – An Unholy Alliance of Politics and Logging *

The Killing of Henry Domoldol *

Bibliographic Essay *

Environmental Protection and Human Rights: Conceptual Aspects *

Life, The Universe, and Everything: A Critique of Anthropocentric Rights *

Social Justice and the Judicial Enforcement of Environmental Rights and Duties *

Environmental Rights and the New South African Constitution *

Individual Rights to Environmental Protection in India *

Practical Human Rights, NGOs and the Environment in Malaysia *

Constitutional Environmental Rights in Brazil *

Islam and Judicial Activism:

Public Interst Litigation and Environmental Protection in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan *

Environmental Rights in the European Union – participatory democracy or democratic deficit? *

Access to environmental justice and procedural rights in international institutions *

Environment Protection and the Right to Food *

The Human Rights Framework for Sustainable Development *

International Reporting Procedures *

Title	An overview of international human rights law
Author	Richard B. Bilder
Date	1994
Subject	An overview of international human rights law
Class Map #	III 1
# of pages –	15
Comments (strength/weakness)	Good article for a quick overview of international human rights law. The article includes human rights principles, content, development, enforcement, problems and prospects.
The student should learn	human rights principles, content and development
Source	Guide to International Human Rights Practice, 2^nd. Ed. by Hurst Hannum, (1994), p. 3-18

Title	Treaty-Based Procedures for Making Human Rights Complaints Within the UN System
Author	Sian Lewis-Anthony
Date	1994
Subject	Treaty-Based Procedures for Making Human Rights Complaints Within the UN System
Class Map #	III 2. a)
# of pages –	18
Comments (strength/weakness)	Good article for a quick overview of the Treaty-Based Procedures for Making Human Rights Complaints Within the UN System. Additional info on practical experience on how to use procedures. Article focuses on individual petitions analyzing the Human Rights Committee (HRC), the Committee against Torture, and the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. Since the HRC has had the most experience in considering individual communications, its practice is examined particular detail. The other committees are examined more briefly highlighting the main procedural differences.
The student should learn	What Treaty-Based Procedures for Making Human Rights Complaints Within the UN System exist. How and when to use them.
Source	Guide to International Human Rights Practice, 2^nd. Ed. by Hurst Hannum, (1994), p. 41-59

Title	United Nations Non-Treaty Procedures for Dealing with Human Rights Violations
Author	Nigel S. Rodley
Date	1994
Subject	United Nations Non-Treaty Procedures for Dealing with Human Rights Violations
Class Map #	III 2. a)
# of pages –	25
Comments (strength/weakness)	Good article for a quick overview of the United Nations Non-Treaty Procedures for Dealing with Human Rights Violations. Additional info on practical experience on how to use procedures. The article focuses on the Commission on Human Rights and its Subcommission, Procedure 1530, Thematic Mechanisms, interventions at the UN by NGOs, and the Good Offices of the Secretariat
The student should learn	What non treaty-based procedures exist for making human rights complaints within the UN System, how and when to use them.
Source	Guide to International Human Rights Practice, 2^nd. Ed. by Hurst Hannum, (1994), p. 60-85

Title	Human Rights Complaint Procedures of the International Labour Organization
Author	Lee Swepston,
Date	1994
Subject	Human Rights Complaint Procedures of the International Labour Organization
Class Map #	III 2. A)
# of pages –	20
Comments (strength/weakness)	Good article for a quick overview of Human Rights Complaint Procedures of the International Labour Organization . The ILO procedures could be useful for example in a health and safe work condition case of indigenous peoples. The ILO procedure has not been frequently used however it has proven to be effective. It is important that future international lawyers know about it.
The student should learn	What are Human Rights Complaint Procedures of the International Labour Organization. How to use them.
Source	Guide to International Human Rights Practice, 2^nd. Ed. by Hurst Hannum, (1994), p. 99

Title	The Complaint Procedure of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Author	Stephen P. Marks
Date	1994
Subject	The Complaint Procedure of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Class Map #	III 2. A)
# of pages –	13
Comments (strength/weakness)	Good article for a quick overview of The Complaint Procedure of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. The UNESCO procedure in the human rights and environment field could be useful for example in a right to information case. The UNESCO procedure however has not proven to be very effective
The student should learn	What is the Complaint Procedure of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, and how to use it.
Source	Guide to International Human Rights Practice, 2^nd. Ed. by Hurst Hannum, (1994), p. 86

Title	The Inter-American Human Rights System
Author	D. Shelton
Date	1994
Subject	The Inter-American Human Rights System Institutions and Procedures
Class Map #	III 2. B)
# of pages –	13
Comments (strength/weakness)	Good article for a quick overview of the Inter-American Human Rights System Institutions and Procedures. The section on means of investigation (1^st paragraph on admissibility is out-dated) p.126. The article focuses on procedures before the Commission and the Court.
The student should learn	What is the Inter-American Human Rights System, and how to use it.
Source	Guide to International Human Rights Practice, 2^nd. Ed. by Hurst Hannum, (1994), p. 119

Title	The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights
Author	C. Flinterman and E. Ankumah
Date	1994
Subject	The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights",
Class Map #	III 2. d)
# of pages –	13
Comments (strength/weakness)	Basic information on, and quick overview of, the African Human Rights System
The student should learn	What is the African Human Rights System.
Source	Guide to International Human Rights Practice, 2^nd. Ed. by Hurst Hannum, (1994), p. 159

Title	Abuses of Human Rights and the Environment
Author	G. La Marche & J. Scherr
Date	1992
Subject	An overview of the links between human rights and environmental degradation
Class Map #	IV 1 a)
# of pages –	12
Comments (strength/weakness)	Strong article to introduce the subject of the links between human rights and environmental degradation
The student should learn	To begin thinking of the possible links between human rights and environmental degradation
Source	Defending the Earth, Human Rights Watch & Natural Resources Defense Council (1992), p. iii-xv

Title	M. Anderson, Human Rights Approaches to Environmental Protection: An Overview
Author	Michael RIGHT Anderson
Date	1998
Subject	How and to what extent human rights relate to the environment, with an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of promoting this relationship.
Class Map #	IV, 1, a)
# of pages –	23
The student should learn	An introduction to understanding how human rights and environment relate. What is the benefit of this relationship. Reflection on the usefulness of this approach to existing arrangements for environmental protection.
Source	M. Anderson, Human Rights Approaches to Environmental Protection: An Overview, Human Rights Approaches to Environmental Protection, Clarendon Press Oxford (1998)

Title	The role of international human rights law in the protection of the environment
Author	A. Boyle
Date	1992
Subject	Overview of the different categories of human rights (civil/political-economic, social, cultural, etc.) and evaluation of how a right to environment might fit.
Class Map #	IV 1 a)
# of pages –	26
Comments (strength/weakness)	The article argues that international law does not need the right to a healthy environment. The main focus of the article is the Ksentini Report. Good complimentary article to read with the report.
The student should learn	Basic knowledge of the theory of the various categories of rights, and how this may influence levels of protection. The advantages and disadvantages of having a human right to a healthy environment. An analysis of the Ksentini report
Source	A. Boyle, "The role of international human rights law in the protection of the environment", Human Rights Approaches to Environmental Protection, Clarendon Press Oxford (1992), p.43-69

Title	The Parallel Evolutions of International Human Rights Protection and of Environmental Protection and the Absence of Restrictions upon the Exercise of Recognized Human Rights
Author	A.A. Cancado Trindade
Date	(1991)
Subject	Analyzes the Parallel Evolutions of International Human Rights Protection and of Environmental Protection
Class Map #	IV 1 a)
# of pages –	41
Comments (strength/weakness)	Strong article to analyzes the parallel evolutions of International Human Rights Protection and of Environmental Protection. It focuses on the internationalization, the globalization of erga omnes obligations of human rights protection and environmental protection. It also analyzes the mutual concerns of these two areas of law, the ratio legis of the rights to life and to health in human rights law and environmental law. Finally it addresses the right to a healthy environment.
The student should learn	A way of conceiving the links between international human rights protection and environmental protection
Source	Revista del Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, Nro. 13 (1991), p. 35 – 76

Title	Introduction: Human Rights and the Environment
Author	Aaron Sachs,
Date	1995
Subject	The links between Human Rights and the Environment
Class Map #	IV, 1 a).
# of pages –	4
Comments (strength/weakness)	Basic. The article covers information on the possible links between Human Rights and the Environment
The student should learn	Introduction to thinking of the links between these two areas of law
Source	Eco-Justice: Linking human rights and environment", Worldwatch Paper 127, (1995)

Title	What Greenpeace and Amnesty International are learning from each other
Author	Aaron Sachs,
Date	1995
Subject	The links between the human rights civil society movement and the environment civil society movement
Class Map #	IV, 1 a).
# of pages –	9
Comments (strength/weakness)	Good article to understand how the Human Rights movement and the Environment movement have related to one anotheright Focuses on NGOs' work. Gives examples of eco-projects that violate human rights. Paves a road to give ecology a human face.
The student should learn	How the Human Rights civil society movement and the Environment civil society movement have related to one another, and could relate to each otheright What are the advantages and disadvantages of this relationship.
Source	Eco-Justice: Linking human rights and environment, Worldwatch Paper 127, (1995).

Title	Sustainable Development and Human Rights
Author	Alexandre Kiss,
Date	(1995)
Subject	Relationship between Sustainable Development and Human Rights
Class Map #	IV 1 a); V 5)
# of pages –	10
Comments (strength/weakness)	Good explanation of the relationship between Sustainable Development and Human Rights, with special reference to international law (page 34). Analyses the relationship between the Right to Development and Right to Self Determination. Defines the relationship between Development and almost every guaranteed Human Right. Gives examples of human rights in specific international instruments and their implicit relationship with the Right to Development
The student should learn	The relationship between Sustainable Development and Human Rights.
Source	Human Rights, Sustainable Development and Environment, IIDH-BID, 2^nd. Ed. (1995), p.29-39

Title	Environmental Rights in existing human rights treaties
Author	R.RIGHT Churchill
Date	1992
Subject	Environmental Rights in existing human rights treaties
Class Map #	IV 1 b)
# of pages –	19
Comments (strength/weakness)	Overview of Human Rights treaties and citation of international jurisprudence. Mostly European. Good article to rapidly withdraw information about what Human Rights treaties exist, the rights therein contained, and which rights could be used for environmental protection
The student should learn	Basic knowledge of existing Human Rights treaties and of the rights they contain, which ones could be used for environmental protection. Existence of some jurisprudence
Source	A. Boyle, "The role of international human rights law in the protection of the environment", Human Rights Approaches to Environmental Protection, Clarendon Press Oxford (1992), p.89-108

Title	The Jurisprudence of International Human Rights Tribunals Concerning Environmental Matters
Author	Dinah Shelton
Date	1999
Subject	The Jurisprudence of International Human Rights Bodies Concerning Environmental Matters.
Class Map #	IV. c,d,e,f; V 2,3,
# of pages –	40
Comments (strength/weakness)	The Jurisprudence of International Human Rights Bodies Concerning Environmental Matters. Overview of the UN, European, Inter-American and African Systems. Includes an analysis of the jurisprudence of the international tribunals, and commission reports.
The student should learn	Have an overview of the jurisprudence and report of International Human Rights Bodies concerning environmental matters. See how these bodies have treated environmental cases, what kind of human rights mechanisms are available to claim environmental matters, and what rights have been claimed on environmental cases before human rights bodies.
Source	CEDHA publication (Forthcoming)

Title	Indigenous Peoples, Environmental Degradation, and Human Rights: A case Study
Author	Adriana Fabra,
Date	1992
Subject	Analysis of the Huaorani Case
Class Map #	IV 1. D)
# of pages –	19
Comments (strength/weakness)	Through the analysis of the Huaorani Case presents the problem of environmental degradation, human rights, and indigenous peoples. Links international and national law and mechanisms of protection. Adds little to the reading of the case itself.
The student should learn	How the Inter-American Human Rights System has approached an an indigenous peoples' case involving environmental abuses.
Source	A. Boyle, "The role of international human rights law in the protection of the environment": Human Rights Approaches to Environmental Protection, Clarendon Press Oxford (1992), p.245-263

Title	Eritea – A war on the environment
Author	Human Rights Watch & Natural Resources Defense Council
Date	1992
Subject	Abuses of Human Rights of environmental activist
Class Map #	IV 1. f,
# of pages –	8
Comments (strength/weakness)	Good case study to show the linkages between humanitarian law (internal armed conflict), human rights, and environment. The case encompasses internal armed conflict and environment, resettlement of refugees and environment, trans-boundary environmental problems, state policy of counterinsurgency and environment, the right to information, land mines, overuse of non mined land, and deforestation as a military strategy to fight guerrilla forces
The student should learn	How human rights and environment intertwine in a factual setting. How to approach a case of this nature.
Source	Human Rights Watch & Natural Resources Defense Council (1992), p. 11-19

Title	Kenya – Environmental Heroine or Traitor?
Author	Human Rights Watch & Natural Resources Defense Council
Date	1992
Subject	Abuses of Human Rights of environmental activist
Class Map #	IV 1. f,
# of pages –	5
Comments (strength/weakness)	This is the tree woman case. The case encompasses harassment, freedom of speech, physical integrity
The student should learn	How human rights and environment intertwine in a factual setting. How to approach a case of this nature.
Source	Human Rights Watch & Natural Resources Defense Council (1992), p. 39-44

Title	Communities: Local Peoples Fighting For Their Environments
Author	Aaron Sachs,
Date	1995
Subject	Environmental Discrimination
Class Map #	V. 1
# of pages –	11
Comments (strength/weakness)	Overview of cases of Environmental Discrimination - Informative
The student should learn	Dynamics of Environmental Discrimination in a factual setting
Source	Eco-Justice: Linking human rights and environment", Worldwatch Paper 127, (1995)

Title	Countries: Injustices Across Borders
Author	Aaron Sachs,
Date	1995
Subject	Environmental Discrimination
Class Map #	V. 1
# of pages –	10
Comments (strength/weakness)	Right to equal treatment between states (North and South discrimination). Overview of toxic waste dumping. Gives one examples of a multilateral institutions fostering good governance, environmental sustainability. Good article to address the issue of environmental discrimination in state to state relations.
The student should learn	A broader conception of environmental discrimination concerning state-individual, individual-individual, and state-state dynamics.
Source	Eco-Justice: Linking human rights and environment", Worldwatch Paper 127, (1995)

Title	India- Before the Deluge
Author	Human Rights Watch & Natural Resources Defense Council
Date	1992
Subject	Abuses of Human Rights of environmental activist
Class Map #	V 3
# of pages –	17
Comments (strength/weakness)	The case encompasses, freedom of speech, physical integrity, right to information, right to participate, right to movement, liberty and due process
The student should learn	How human rights and environment intertwines in a factual setting. How to approach a case of this nature.
Source	Human Rights Watch & Natural Resources Defense Council (1992), p. 21-38

Title	Public Participation in the Era of Globalization
Author	Claudia Saladin
Date	1999
Subject	Public Participation in international organizations
Class Map #	V .3
# of pages –	12
Comments (strength/weakness)	Overview of Public Participation in the WTO, World Bank, IFC, FTAA and UNEP. The article includes an overview of the international legal framework of the right to public participation and the right to access to information
The student should learn	Introduction to the dynamics between NGOs and international organization. The difficulties to access to information and to participation in International Organizations' (IO) decision making process. The current development of access mechanisms in some IOs. If the student is interested he/she could do a comparative study between the different mechanisms, their effectiveness, the degree of use by the public, with suggestions as to, if such mechanisms should exist, if so how to create or improve them, and how to incorporate them in the IOs that do not have them.
Source	CEDHA publication (forthcoming)

Title	The Right to the Conservation of the Environment,1999
Author	Alexandre Kiss
Date	1999
Subject	The right to the conservation of the environment, the right to participate, and the right to access to information
Class Map #	V 3.
# of pages –	15
Comments (strength/weakness)	Suggests that the Right to the Conservation of the Environment is, as some generally recognized fundamental human rights, cannot be guaranteed by legal means other than by sanctioning their violation. Thus, the real guarantee would be the existence of procedures which ensure its protection. The right to environment should therefore be formulated as the right to the protection of the environment, meaning that that individuals and groups should dispose of procedures available when such protection is missing. The article emphasizes the importance of preventive measures. It refers to the right to access to information analyzing it in the European System, International treaties and declarations. It refers to the right to participate, defining the right analyzing it in bilateral agreements and international conventions.
The student should learn	What are the issues surrounding the formulation of a right to environment. How these issues can be approached from the human rights perspective. How a right to environment is intrinsically related to a right to participate and to access to information.
Source	CEDHA publication (forthcoming)

Title	Mexico – Cutting through the haze
Author	Human Rights Watch & Natural Resources Defense Council
Date	1992
Subject	Abuses of Human Rights of environmental activist
Class Map #	V 3
# of pages –	11
Comments (strength/weakness)	The case encompasses, freedom of speech, harassment, right to information, right to participate.
The student should learn	How human rights and environment intertwine in a factual setting. How to approach a case of this nature.
Source	Human Rights Watch & Natural Resources Defense Council (1992), p. 65-76

Title	United States - Punishing Nuclear Whistleblowers
Author	Human Rights Watch & Natural Resources Defense Council
Date	1992
Subject	Abuses of human rights of environmental activist
Class Map #	V 3
# of pages –	9
Comments (strength/weakness)	The case encompasses freedom of speech, physical integrity, right . to information, right to participate, inappropriate protection of whistleblowers. See Goldman reading material on state security.
The student should learn	How human rights and environment intertwine in a factual setting. How to approach a case of this nature.
Source	Human Rights Watch & Natural Resources Defense Council (1992), p. 97-106

Title	The Former Soviet Union – A Poisonous Legacy
Author	Human Rights Watch & Natural Resources Defense Council
Date	1992
Subject	Abuses of human rights of environmental activist
Class Map #	V 3
# of pages –	7
Comments (strength/weakness)	The case encompasses, freedom of speech, physical integrity, right to info, right to participate, inappropriate protection of whistleblowers. See Goldman reading material on state security
The student should learn	How human rights and environment intertwine in a factual setting. How to approach a case of this nature.
Source	Human Rights Watch & Natural Resources Defense Council (1992), p. 89-96

Title	Individuals: The Traditional Human Rights Focus
Author	Aaron Sachs,
Date	1995
Subject	Environmental Activism and Human Rights Abuses
Class Map #	V. 4.
# of pages –	5
Comments (strength/weakness)	Overview of cases of Environmental Activism and Human Rights Abuses including the US - Informative
The student should learn	Dynamics of Environmental Activism and Human Rights Abuses
Source	Eco-Justice: Linking human rights and environment, Worldwatch Paper 127, (1995)

Title	Human Rights and Protection of the Environment: A Mildly Revisionist View
Author	Gunther Handl,
Date	(1995)
Subject	Analysis of the human right to a healthy environment
Class Map #	V 5)
# of pages –	25
Comments (strength/weakness)	Negative Analysis of the human right to a healthy environment. The article argues against a fundamental human right to a healthy environment, but stresses the use of human rights mechanisms to protect the environment (see p. 128). The author explains (very well) why this is a right based on positive law & not on natural law. He also argues that the right to a healthy environment is not inalienable (it can be derogated). He states the right to environment as a human right has not found a general entitlement in any binding international instrument. The author overviews and gives a negative analysis of the regional instruments that contain a right to environment (Africa - San Salvador). The author emphasizes the need of State practice to have a right to environment as a human rights. The author argues against other authors that the human rights to a healthy environment derives from other recognized human rights or from decisions of international bodies. He also agues against the probative value of domestic legislation due to its ambiguity and context-specific application. Analyses of the negative impact of approaching environment with a human rights perspective (antopocentric argument). Analyses of the right to participate and to access to information. It is a good article to read with Thorme, "Establishing Environment as a Human Right", 19 Denver J. International L & Policy 301.
The student should learn	Review of the pros and cons of approaching the protection of the environment from a human rights perspective
Source	Human Rights, Sustainable Development and Environment, IIDH-BID, 2^nd. Ed. (1995), p.39-70

Title	The right to life and Environmental Protection: Preliminary Reflections
Author	Johannes Van Aggelen
Date	1992
Subject	Overview and reflection on the relationship between the right to life and the environment
Class Map #	V 5)
# of pages –	8
Comments (strength/weakness)	Quick overview of the international development of the link between the human right to life and environmental protection. Good article to quickly review the evolution of the right to life
The student should learn	The evolution of the right to life at the international level and the emerging human right to environmental protection, reflection on the diversity and compatibility of the two concepts.
Source	Human Rights, Sustainable Development and Environment, IIDH-BID, 2^nd. Ed. (1995), p.117-142

Title	Environment and development: Formulation and implementation of the right to development as a human right
Author	A.A. Cancado Trindade
Date	(1995)
Subject	Analyses of the Right to Development; includes the declaration on the right to development as an annex (2 pages)
Class Map #	V 5)
# of pages –	31
Comments (strength/weakness)	Special focus on the UN declaration on the Right to Development. Extensive reference to the development of the Right to Development. References the Right to Development in international treaties, stressing the linkages with human rights treaties. Stresses the indivisibility of all human rights
The student should learn	How development became the Right to Development. How the Right to Development relates to human rights. Poses the question, Is right to Development a human right?
Source	Human Rights, Sustainable Development and Environment, IIDH-BID, 2^nd. Ed. (1995), p.39-70

Title	Malaysia – An Unholy Alliance of Politics and Logging
Author	Human Rights Watch & Natural Resources Defense Council
Date	1992
Subject	Abuses of human rights of environmental activist
Class Map #	V 7
# of pages –	18
Comments (strength/weakness)	A case of deforestation that encompasses freedom of speech, freedom of association and assembly, property rights of indigenous peoples, physical integrity, freedom of movement.
The student should learn	How human rights and environment intertwine in a factual setting. How to approach a case of this nature.
Source	Human Rights Watch & Natural Resources Defense Council (1992), p. 45-63

Title	The Killing of Henry Domoldol
Author	Human Rights Watch & Natural Resources Defense Council
Date	1992
Subject	Abuses of human rights of environmental activist
Class Map #	V 7
# of pages –	1
Comments (strength/weakness)	A case of indigenous activism that claims the right to manage its own resources
The student should learn	How human rights and environment intertwine in a factual setting. How to approach a case of this nature.
Source	Human Rights Watch & Natural Resources Defense Council (1992), p. 81

Title	Bibliographic Essay
Author	Diana Vincent –Davis
Date	1994
Subject	How to find and identify bibliography on human rights
Class Map #	Class Exercise
# of pages –	18
Comments (strength/weakness)	Good as a tool to find and identify bibliography on human rights mainly concerning international bodies.
The student should learn	How to find and identify bibliography on human rights
Source	Guide to International Human Rights Practice, 2^nd. Ed. by Hurst Hannum, (1994), p. 249

Title	Checklist to Help Select the most appropriate Forum
Author
Date	1994
Subject	Checklist to help select the most appropriate forum for human rights cases
Class Map #	Class Exercise
# of pages –	3
Comments (strength/weakness)	A useful guideline to help identify the most appropriate legal forum for a human rights case
The student should learn	How to determine the most appropriate forum for a human rights case
Source	Guide to International Human Rights Practice, 2^nd. Ed. By Hurst Hannum, (1994), p. 267

Title	The Human Rights Framework for Sustainable Development
Author	Aaron Sachs,
Date	1995
Subject	Relationship between Human Rights, Environment and Sustainable Development
Class Map #	V .6
# of pages –	10
Comments (strength/weakness)	Relationship between Human Rights, Environment and Sustainable Development. Special mention of this relationship in the U.N. System
The student should learn	Introduction to the relationship between Human Rights, Environment and Sustainable Development
Source	Eco-Justice: Linking human rights and environment", Worldwatch Paper 127, (1995)

Title	International Reporting Procedures
Author	Sandra Coliver
Date	1994
Subject	International Reporting Procedures as another technique and forum for protecting rights
Class Map #	Class Exercise
# of pages –	19
Comments (strength/weakness)	The article aims to encourage NGOs to devote more of their energy to influencing the work of 6 human rights treaties bodies: the Human Rights Committee, the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the Committee Against Torture, and the Committee of the Rights of the Child. While arguing the usefulness of NGO participation in the work of treaty bodies, the article instructs on specific reporting procedures.
The student should learn	International Reporting Procedures as another technique and forum for protection. How to use them.
Source	Guide to International Human Rights Practice, 2^nd. Ed. by Hurst Hannum, (1994), p. 173

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